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Female and male anatomy and physiology -Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity – Rathus – Chapter 3

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Female and male anatomy and physiology -Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity – Rathus – Chapter 3

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1) The external sexual structures of the female are termed the

  1. mons.
  2. clitoris.
  3. labia majora.
  4. vulva.

 

2) The mons may serve to

  1. provide heat to the pubic area.
  2. cushion the pubic bone.
  3. protect the genital area from infection.
  4. produce vaginal secretions.

 

3) The labia majora

  1. are the large fleshy folds of skin on each side of the vaginal opening.
  2. come together to form the hood covering the clitoris.
  3. are the thinner, inner folds of flesh just outside the vaginal opening.
  4. have few nerve endings and are relatively insensitive to stimulation.

 

4) The labia minora

  1. are insensitive to sexual stimulation.
  2. join to form the prepuce.
  3. are relatively uniform in size in all women.
  4. Have few blood vessels.

 

5) The clitoral shaft consists of erectile tissue that contains two spongy masses called

  1. clitoral glans.
  2. corpora cavernosa.
  3. sphincters.
  4. vestibular bulbs.

 

6) In the clitoris, the corpus cavernosa

  1. innervate the glans.
  2. cover the tip of the glans.
  3. engorge with blood.
  4. resemble a button under the prepuce.

 

7) The clitoris and penis

  1. develop from different embryonic tissues.
  2. are homologous in structure.
  3. are both involved in reproduction.
  4. are analogous in function.

 

8) The form of genital cutting known as excision is the removal of the

  1. clitoris, labia minora, and mons veneris.
  2. clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora
  3. labia minora, labia majora, and mons veneris
  4. clitoris, labia majora, and mons veneris

 

9) The area within the labia minora that contains the opening to the vagina and the urethra is the

  1. prepuce.
  2. vestibule.
  3. vulva.
  4. introitus.

 

10) Anal intercourse followed by vaginal intercourse may lead to

  1. sphincters.
  2. vestibular bulbs.
  3. amenorrhea.
  4. cystitis.

 

11) Female genital mutilation/cutting in Canada

  1. has not been dealt with by lawmakers.
  2. is performed only if the family can prove it is part of their religious beliefs.
  3. is illegal.
  4. has the same legal ramifications as male circumcision.

 

12) The hymen is

  1. a ring-shaped muscle.
  2. a fold of tissue across the vaginal opening.
  3. a gland that lies just inside the minor lips.
  4. the muscle that encircles the entrance to the vagina.

 

13) Occasionally a hymen is completely closed and fibrous. This type of hymen is called

  1. an annular hymen.
  2. a parous hymen.
  3. an imperforate hymen.
  4. a septate hymen.

 

14) The vaginal opening is also known as the

  1. introitus.
  2. hymen.
  3. urethra.
  4. perineum.

 

15) What consists of the skin and the underlying tissue between the vaginal opening and the anus?

  1. vestibular bulbs
  2. perineum
  3. crura
  4. mons

 

16) The wing-shaped structures that attach the clitoris to the pubic bone are called

  1. vestibular bulbs.
  2. sphincters.
  3. pubococcygea.
  4. crura.

 

17) During sexual arousal, the vestibular bulbs:

  1. contract the vaginal opening during orgasm.
  2. secrete drops of fluid at the vaginal opening.
  3. allow the pelvic floor muscles to contract.
  4. congest with blood.

 

18) Repeatedly contracting and relaxing the pubococcygeal muscle

  1. helps women find their G spot.
  2. is known as Kegel exercises.
  3. can eventually damage the endometrium.
  4. has been shown to weaken the hymen.

 

19) The walls of the vagina are

  1. relatively lacking in blood vessels and poorly supplied with nerve endings.
  2. relatively lacking in blood vessels, but well supplied with nerve endings.
  3. rich with blood vessels and well supplied with nerve endings.
  4. rich with blood vessels, but poorly supplied with nerve endings.

 

20) Douching and vaginal sprays

  1. are recommended for proper hygiene.
  2. are generally ineffective.
  3. can restore the natural chemical balance in the vagina.
  4. increase the risk of vaginal infection.

 

21) The G-spot is believed to be

  1. deep within the vagina on the posterior wall.
  2. on the anterior wall of the vagina.
  3. near the cervix on the posterior wall of the vagina.
  4. about 5–6 inches from the vaginal entrance on the anterior wall of the vagina.

 

22) What is not true about the G-spot?

  1. It’s about 7 to 8 centimetres from the vaginal entrance on the anterior wall of the vagina.
  2. It is usually about the size of a small pea.
  3. It was named after Ernest Grafenberg.
  4. Stimulation of the G-spot produces intense erotic sensations.

 

23) In screening for cervical cancer, the Canadian Cancer Society recommends that

  1. women have an annual Pap smear once they begin menstruating.
  2. sexually active women have a Pap smear every six months.
  3. women who are sexually active have a Pap smear every one to three years.
  4. only sexually active women over the age of eighteen have a Pap smear annually.

 

24) The greatest risk factor for cervical cancer is

  1. repeated bacterial infections of the cervix.
  2. repeated genital chlamydia infection.
  3. human papillomavirus infection.
  4. herpes simplex virus infection.

 

25) The lower end of the uterus is called the

  1. vulva.
  2. cervix.
  3. crura.
  4. perineum.

 

26) The incidence of cervical cancer has declined dramatically in Canada since the early 1970s. This is largely due to

  1. increased use of condoms.
  2. development of blood test to determine presence of precancerous cells.
  3. women having regular Pap tests.
  4. increased use of oral contraception.

 

27) What percentage of women have a retroverted uterus?

  1. 73%
  2. 49%
  3. 28%
  4. 10%

 

28) The layer of the uterus that is shed during menstruation is the

  1. endometrium.
  2. myometrium.
  3. ectometrium.
  4. perimetrium.

 

29) Endometriosis is a condition in which

  1. the endometrium deteriorates.
  2. endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus.
  3. the endometrium becomes infected.
  4. the endometrium fails to engorge with blood.

 

30) A partial hysterectomy removes the

  1. ovaries.
  2. cervix.
  3. uterus.
  4. fallopian tubes.

 

31) Which of the following statements is true regarding ova?

  1. Women begin making ova at puberty.
  2. The human female is born with all the ova she will ever have.
  3. Women produce ova throughout the life span.
  4. At menopause, women stop producing ova.

 

32) How many of the 2 million ova that a female is born with survive into puberty?

  1. 100,000
  2. 400,000
  3. almost a million
  4. almost all 2 million

 

33) The most common sign of early stage ovarian cancer is

  1. irregular bleeding.
  2. severe pain in the abdomen.
  3. enlargement of the abdomen.
  4. excessive urination.

 

34) In Canada, approximately ________ cases of ovarian cancer are reported each year.

  1. 2600
  2. 5300
  3. 7500
  4. 10000

 

35) What percentage of women who get ovarian cancer survive with early detection (before it spreads beyond the ovary)?

  1. 18%
  2. 47%
  3. 63%
  4. 94%

 

36) The size of female breasts is related to

  1. the amount of fatty tissue.
  2. the number of milk ducts.
  3. the amount of glandular tissue.
  4. the number of mammary glands.

 

37) The nipple, which lies in the center of the ________, contains smooth muscle fibers that make the nipple become erect when they contract.

  1. mammary glands
  2. areola
  3. milk ducts
  4. labia

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 67

Skill: Recall

 

38) The five year survival rate for women whose breast cancer has not spread beyond the breast is about:

  1. 28%.
  2. 48%.
  3. 68%.
  4. 98%.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 68

Skill: Recall

 

39) The Canadian Cancer Society recommends which of the following screening practices to detect breast cancer?

  1. a mammogram every two years for women between ages 50–69
  2. A mammogram every year for women over age 25
  3. a Pap test every year for women ages 40–69
  4. A Pap test every two years for women over age 30

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 69

Skill: Recall

 

40) The first phase of the menstrual cycle is the

  1. proliferative phase.
  2. ovulatory phase.
  3. luteal or secretory phase.
  4. menstrual phase.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 70

Skill: Recall

 

41) One of the functions of progesterone is to

  1. promote ovulation.
  2. mature one ovum.
  3. thicken the endometrium.
  4. mature the corpus luteum.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 65

Skill: Recall

 

42) Menstruation tends to follow ovulation by about how many days?

  1. 7
  2. 14
  3. 21
  4. 30

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 70

Skill: Recall

 

43) What is another name for the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

  1. luteinizing hormone phase
  2. oxytocin phase
  3. luteal phase
  4. slippery phase

 

Answer: c

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 71

Skill: Recall

 

44) The proliferative phase is also known as the

  1. menstrual phase.
  2. follicular phase.
  3. ovulatory phase.
  4. secretory phase.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 71

Skill: Recall

 

45) The hypothalamus works in coordination with the _______ to control hormone production.

  1. pituitary gland
  2. adrenal gland
  3. graafian follicle
  4. temporal lobes

 

Answer: a

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 70

Skill: Recall

 

46) The corpus luteum

  1. is another name for the graafian follicle.
  2. secretes estrogen and progesterone.
  3. secretes follicle stimulating hormone.
  4. is a thin capsule containing an ovum.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 70

Skill: Recall

 

47) Perimenopause refers to the

  1. lack of signs of menopause.
  2. entire menopausal period.
  3. beginning of menopause.
  4. end of menopause.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 73

Skill: Recall

 

48) Research evidence suggests that women might experience a peak in sexual desire

  1. around the time of ovulation.
  2. two weeks prior to ovulation.
  3. about 10 days after ovulation.
  4. just before menstruation.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 72

Skill: Recall

 

49) Menopause occurs most commonly between the ages of

  1. forty and forty-five.
  2. forty-six and fifty.
  3. fifty-one and fifty-five.
  4. fifty-six and sixty.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 73

Skill: Recall

 

50) A deficit in estrogen might lead to all the following except

  1. night sweats.
  2. swelling of breast tissue.
  3. hot flashes.
  4. dizziness.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 73

Skill: Recall

 

51) Which of the following most accurately describes the impact of menopause on female sexuality?

  1. The lack of estrogen causing vaginal dryness cannot be sufficiently addressed to make intercourse comfortable.
  2. Most women lose all interest in sex after menopause.
  3. Many women continue to have active and pleasurable sex lives after menopause.
  4. After menopause, women who want to restore their sex drive to premenopausal levels typically require selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 74

Skill: Recall

 

52) A woman who has never menstruated is experiencing

  1. dysmenorrhea.
  2. amenorrhea.
  3. secondary dysmenorrhea.
  4. primary amenorrhea.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 75

Skill: Recall

 

53) The percentage of women who experience some level of discomfort prior to or during menstruation is

  1. 0–25%.
  2. 25–50%.
  3. 50–75%.
  4. 75–100%.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 74

Skill: Recall

 

54) Pain or discomfort during menstruation is known as

  1. amenorrhea.
  2. secondary amenorrhea.
  3. proliferative menstrual symptomology.
  4. dysmenorrhea.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 74

Skill: Recall

 

55) The spongy body that runs along the bottom or ventral surface of the penis is the

  1. corpus spongiosum.
  2. urethral meatus.
  3. corpora cavernosa.
  4. corona.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 77

Skill: Recall

 

56) The corpora cavernosa

  1. separate the glans from the shaft of the penis.
  2. are cylinders of spongy tissue that lie side by side in the penis.
  3. are thin strips of tissue on the underside of the penis.
  4. are the muscles that regulate the position of the testes.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 77

Skill: Recall

 

57) The sensitive strip of tissue that connects the underside of the penile glans to the shaft is called the

  1. frenulum.
  2. vas deferens.
  3. urethral meatus.
  4. corona.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 78

Skill: recall

 

58) Which of the following is true about the foreskin?

  1. It is the part of the penis that remains after circumcision.
  2. It covers at least part of the penile glans.
  3. It is fixed to the penile shaft just behind the glans.
  4. It is attached to the scrotum.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 78

Skill: Applied

 

59) Circumcision is a surgical procedure involving removal of the

  1. urethral meatus.
  2. glans.
  3. corona.
  4. foreskin.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 78

Skill: Recall

 

60) In Canada today, what percentage of male babies are circumcised?

  1. 7%
  2. 17%
  3. 27%
  4. 37%

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 78

Skill: Recall

 

61) Male circumcision began among the Jews as a

  1. means to increase sexual pleasure.
  2. way to improve health.
  3. religious rite.
  4. means to decrease the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 78

Skill: Recall

 

62) Research conducted in Africa found that higher rates of male circumcision were associated with

  1. increased rates of syphilis.
  2. decreased rates of syphilis.
  3. increased rates of HIV.
  4. decreased rates of HIV.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 79

Skill: Applied

 

63) The condition in which the foreskin does not retract from the glans is called

  1. phimosis.
  2. urethritus.
  3. cremasteritus.
  4. frenulitus.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 79

Skill: Recall

 

64) The average erect penis is about

  1. 10–12 centimetres in length.
  2. 14–16 centimetres in length.
  3. 18–20 centimetres inches in length.
  4. 22–24 centimetres inches in length.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Recall

 

65) In the locker room at the local YMCA, John has noticed that his penis is smaller compared to many other men’s.  What should John know?

  1. There are medications available that have been proven to increase penis size.
  2. He may have lower levels of circulating testosterone.
  3. There is little relationship between flaccid and erect penis size.
  4. Men with smaller penises are less likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Applied

 

66) In the scrotum, each testis is held in place by a(n)

  1. spermatic cord.
  2. dartos muscle.
  3. vas deferens.
  4. interstitial cell.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Recall

 

67) When Andre jumps into the cold swimming pool, his testicles seem to move up and closer to his body. Why?

  1. His vas deferens muscle is contracting in response to the cold.
  2. His cremaster and dartos muscles are contracting to keep his sperm warm.
  3. His spermatic cord is relaxing in order to keep his sperm warm.
  4. His dartos muscle is contracting in order to cool his sperm.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Applied

 

68) In hot weather, men could expect the scrotum to

  1. be more wrinkled in appearance and closer to the body.
  2. be smoother in appearance and closer to the body.
  3. be more wrinkled in appearance and farther from the body.
  4. be smoother in appearance and farther from the body.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Applied

 

69) Testosterone is secreted by the

  1. testes.
  2. prostate.
  3. urethra.
  4. Cowper’s glands.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Recall

 

70) Compared to the female sex hormones, testosterone levels in males

  1. peak just prior to ejaculation.
  2. remain relatively stable.
  3. also vary depending on the time of day and time of month.
  4. are not regulated by the hypothalamus.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Recall

 

71) Spermatogenesis takes place in the

  1. Leydig cells.
  2. seminiferous tubules.
  3. epididymus.
  4. vas deferens.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Recall

 

72) How long does it take for a testis to develop a mature sperm?

  1. 72 hours
  2. 2 weeks
  3. 4 days
  4. 72 days

 

Answer: d

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Recall

 

73) What happens during fertilization?

  1. 46 chromosomes from the sperm combine with 46 chromosomes from the egg.
  2. 23 chromosomes from the sperm combine with 23 chromosomes from the egg.
  3. 46 genes from the sperm combine with 46 genes from the egg.
  4. 23 genes from the sperm combine with 23 genes from the egg.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Applied

 

74) What determines the sex of the fertilized ovum?

  1. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  2. the ovum itself
  3. luteinizing hormone (LH)
  4. the sex chromosome present in the sperm

 

Answer: d

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 81-82

Skill: Recall

 

75) When blood levels of testosterone rise,

  1. the pituitary gland secretes anti-testosterone.
  2. the hypothalamus secretes estrogen.
  3. the endocrine system regulates with a feedback loop.
  4. the hypothalamus stops secreting everything.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Applied

 

76) The main function of the epididymis is

  1. to manufacture sperm.
  2. to release testosterone.
  3. to house mature sperm.
  4. to provide passage out of the body.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Applied

 

77) The epididymus empties into the

  1. urethra.
  2. testes.
  3. vas deferens.
  4. prostate gland.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Applied

 

78) Surgical sterilization of males involves

  1. cutting the seminiferous tubules.
  2. tying off the ejaculatory ducts.
  3. tying off the epididymus.
  4. cutting the vas deferens.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Applied

 

79) In the human male, levels of testosterone begin to decline around age

  1. 30
  2. 40
  3. 50
  4. 60

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: recall

 

80) In aging males, a drop in testosterone levels might be connected to

  1. reduced testicular size.
  2. a rise in basal metabolic rate.
  3. a reduction in body fat.
  4. a reduction in lean muscle mass.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Applied

 

81) Prostate fluid is alkaline because

  1. the vagina is highly acidic.
  2. sperm are acidic.
  3. the vagina is also alkaline.
  4. urine is alkaline.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Recall

 

82) During sexual arousal, which gland(s) secrete pre-ejaculatory fluid?

  1. prostate
  2. seminal vesicles
  3. ejaculatory ducts
  4. Cowper’s glands

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Recall

 

83) Which gland(s) secrete(s) enough fluids to make up about 70% of semen volume?

  1. Cowper’s glands
  2. prostate gland
  3. ejaculatory ducts
  4. seminal vesicles

 

Answer: d

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Recall

 

84) Which of the following is true for men with vasectomies?

  1. They ejaculate about as much semen as before the vasectomy.
  2. Their ejaculate is no longer milky in colour.
  3. Although they still have orgasmic contractions, they do not ejaculate.
  4. They ejaculate about half as much as before.

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Recall

 

85) A preventative measure for urethritis is to

  1. drink less water to urinate less.
  2. drink cranberry juice.
  3. lower the intake of sodium.
  4. increase caffeine to increase urination.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Applied

 

86) Cancer of the testicles

  1. is the second most common cancer among males over 40.
  2. accounts for nearly 2/3 of all deaths from cancer in men between 20–34.
  3. often occurs along with prostate cancer.
  4. is relatively rare.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Recall

 

87) The survival rate for men diagnosed with testicular cancer before the cancer has spread beyond the testes is

  1. 46%.
  2. 67%.
  3. 88%.
  4. 99%.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: recall

 

88) Which of the following is not a sign of testicular cancer?

  1. pain during ejaculation
  2. dull ache in the groin
  3. sensation of heaviness in a testicle
  4. change in the consistency of a testicle

 

Answer: a

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Applied

 

89) Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the result of

  1. scarring from previous sexually transmitted infections.
  2. hormonal changes associated with aging.
  3. a decline in semen production.
  4. a high-fat diet.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Recall

 

90) Which of the following symptoms may occur with an enlarged prostate?

  1. urinary frequency and urgency
  2. pain in the urethra
  3. a bloody discharge from the urethra
  4. pain in a testicle

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Applied

 

91) According to current estimates, how many Canadian men will die of prostate cancer?

  1. 1 in 16
  2. 1 in 27
  3. 1 in 38
  4. 1 in 49

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Recall

 

92) Which of the following is not true of prostate cancer?

  1. Intake of animal fat maybe a risk factor.
  2. The incidence increases with age.
  3. It appears to have a genetic factor.
  4. High levels of testosterone appear to be a natural defence.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Applied

 

93) Which of the following is not a symptom of prostate cancer?

  1. urinary frequency
  2. blood in the stools
  3. pain in the lower back
  4. painful urination

 

Answer: b

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Applied

 

94) PSA is a

  1. protein that combines with testosterone to promote growth of the testes.
  2. protein that helps produce a liquid that transports sperm when it is ejaculated.
  3. protein that indicates a diseased prostate.
  4. type of rectal exam that detects an enlarged prostate.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 86

Skill: Recall

 

95) Which of the following statements about surgical removal of the prostate and its impact on sexual function is most accurate?

  1. In all cases, the surgery results in complete erectile dysfunction.
  2. In all cases, the surgery results in the loss of ejaculatory control.
  3. Advances in surgical techniques have reduced but not eliminated the risk of sexual dysfunction.
  4. Advances in surgical techniques have eliminated the risk of sexual dysfunction resulting from the surgery.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Applied

 

96) What is the desired result of androgen suppression therapy and anticancer drugs in the treatment of prostate cancer?

  1. They reduce PSA.
  2. They shrink the tumor.
  3. They increase PSA.
  4. They boost T-cell count.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 86-87

Skill: Applied

 

97) Prostatitis is usually treated with

  1. surgery.
  2. radiation.
  3. antibiotics.
  4. antiviral medication.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Recall

 

98) In purely mechanical terms, erection most closely resembles a(n)________ event.

  1. chemical
  2. electronic
  3. hydraulic
  4. spasmodic

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 88

Skill: Recall

 

99) Which of the following accounts for the firmness of an erection?

  1. the corpora cavernosa
  2. penile bone
  3. the corpus spongiosum
  4. the cremasteric muscles

 

Answer: a

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 88

Skill: Recall

 

100) Males experience erections throughout the night. These erections occur about every

  1. 10 minutes.
  2. 30 minutes.
  3. 90 minutes.
  4. 180 minutes.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 88

Skill: Recall

 

101) Which of the following most accurately describes male sexual response?

  1. Erection is consciously controlled but ejaculation is a reflex.
  2. Both erection and ejaculation are consciously controlled.
  3. Erection and ejaculation are processes controlled by the hypothalamus.
  4. Erection and ejaculation occur by reflex.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 88

Skill: Applied

 

102) When the male brain transmits nerve impulses that trigger erection, these nerve impulses travel from the brain

  1. directly to the penis.
  2. directly to the testicles then the penis.
  3. the lumbar region of the back.
  4. the entire genital area.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 89

Skill: Recall

 

103) The nerves that affect dilation during erection belong to the ________, whereas the nerves governing ejaculation belong to the ________.

  1. parasympathetic branch; sympathetic branch
  2. sympathetic branch; parasympathetic branch
  3. autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system
  4. somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system

 

Answer: a

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 90

Skill: Recall

 

104) Painful erection due to excessive curvature of the penis is known as

  1. priapism.
  2. phimosis.
  3. Peyronie’s disease.
  4. peripheral penile disease.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 91

Skill: Recall

 

105) Priapism may become a medical emergency if

  1. fibrous tissue continues to build up at the end of the penile shaft.
  2. erection continues beyond six hours.
  3. too much sperm enters the bladder.
  4. the curvature of the penis prevents comfortable intercourse.

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 91

Skill: Recall

 

106) In males, orgasm and ejaculation

  1. always occur at the same time.
  2. always occur together, unless a male is experiencing retrograde ejaculation.
  3. generally occur together but are separate physiological events.
  4. occur together once a male reaches puberty.

 

Answer: c

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 91

Skill: Recall

 

107) Paraplegic men

  1. cannot ejaculate.
  2. can fully experience a sexual situation.
  3. cannot become erect.
  4. can become erect and ejaculate, but no sensation is sent to the brain.

 

Answer: d

Diff: 2

Type: MC

Page Reference: 91

Skill: Recall

 

108) In ejaculation, seminal fluid is released from the ________ and expelled from the penis.

  1. urethral bulb
  2. vas deferens
  3. epididymus
  4. crura

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: MC

Page Reference: 91

Skill: Recall

 

109) Possible causes of retrograde ejaculation include all but which of the following?

  1. prostate surgery
  2. some tranquilizers
  3. some accidents
  4. enlarged prostate

 

Answer: d

Diff: 3

Type: MC

Page Reference: 92

Skill: Applied

 

110) Match each of the following male anatomical functions with the corresponding structure.

 

111) The labia minora are two hairless, light-coloured membranes, located between the majora lips.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 55

Skill: Applied

 

112) Men have a sex organ whose only function is the experiencing of sexual pleasure.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 56

Skill: Applied

 

113) The clitoris has no known purpose other than sexual pleasure.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 56

Skill: Applied

 

114) The best way to prevent vaginal infections is to cleanse the vagina by using a vaginal disinfectant spray.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 61

Skill: Applied

 

115) The innermost layer of the uterus is the endometrium.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 64

Skill: Recall

 

116) Ectopic pregnancy produces twins.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 65

Skill: Recall

 

117) Women with larger breasts produce no more milk while nursing than those with smaller breasts.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 67

Skill: Recall

 

118) Estrogen production occurs in the ovaries.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 65

Skill: Applied

 

119) Most lumps in the breast are cancerous.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 69

Skill: Conceptual

 

120) Vaginal dryness often occurs with menopause.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 74

Skill: Applied

 

121) Estrogen deficiency can cause dizziness.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 74

Skill: Applied

 

122) A study by the Women’s Health Initiative was stopped because it found an association between HRT and breast cancer risk.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 73

Skill: Recall

 

123) On average, an erect penis is 12–13 centimetres in girth.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Recall

 

124) Sperm contain 23 chromosomes.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Recall

 

125) Over 80% of all prostate cancers are diagnosed in men over the age of 65.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: a

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Recall

 

126) Over 40,000 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer in Canada in 2010.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 1

Type: TF

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Recall

 

127) A positive PSA test would indicate that there is a lower than normal level of the PSA protein in the blood.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 86

Skill: Applied

 

128) Priapism is a condition in which it is difficult to retract the foreskin in an uncircumcised male.

  1. True
  2. False

 

Answer: b

Diff: 2

Type: TF

Page Reference: 91

Skill: Recall

 

129) Describe the procedures and purpose of each procedure in a pelvic exam.

 

Answer:

– Procedure: examination for swelling, irritations, abnormal discharge, clitoral adhesions externally. Purpose: to find obvious external signs of a problem.

– Procedure: internal exam via speculum for abnormal discharges, discoloration, lesions, growths. Purpose: to find obvious internal signs of a problem.

– Procedure: Pap test via swab of cervical cells. Purpose: to detect cervical cancerous/ precancerous cells

– Procedure: bimanual vaginal exam via pressure on abdomen and two fingers inside the vagina. Purpose: to examine the location, shape, size, and movability of internal sex organs.

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 66

Skill: Integrated

 

130) Summarize the current knowledge about breast cancer, including risk factors, detection, recommendations, and treatment.

 

Answer:

– risk: age increase, genetics, family history, prolonged exposure to estrogen

– detection: regular breast screening after 50, physical exam, mammography, and/or MRI.

– recommendations: regular breast exams, mammograms

– treatment: drugs, lumpectomy/mastectomy

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 68-69

Skill: Integrated

 

131) Describe the menstrual cycle in its phases.

 

Answer:

– 4 stages: proliferative (endometrium growth); ovulatory (graafian follicle rupture/ovum release); secretory (progesterone and estrogen levels increase); menstrual (sloughing of the endometrium).

 

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 70-72

Skill: Integrated

 

132) Discuss factors that might affect a woman’s decision to abstain from or engage in sex during menstruation.

 

Answer:

– traditional association of menstruation with uncleanliness

– some believe it is just messy and so don’t bother to have sex during it

– coitus can help release the blood and cramping

– women may become sexually aroused during all phases of the menstrual cycle

 

Diff: 3

Type: ES

Page Reference: 72

Skill: Conceptual

 

133) Describe the physiological changes associated with menopause.

 

Answer:

– decreased estrogen, dry vagina, hot flashes and flushes, cold sweats, sleep disturbance, dizziness, burning, tingling, heart palpitations, etc.

 

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 73

Skill: Integrated

 

134) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hormone replacement therapy. Explain why some women might consider hormone replacement therapy and some others should not.

 

Answer:

– may help with severe symptoms

– may cause increased risk of breast cancer, stroke, blood clots, heart attack

 

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 73-74

Skill: Integrated

 

135) Differentiate between amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome. Discuss the causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for each menstrual difficulty.

 

Answer:

– amenorrhea: absence of menstruation. Various causes (i.e., premature), abnormal structures and hormones, growths, psychological problems, and stress. Normal during pregnancy and menopause. Many treatments, if the cause is “fixable.”

– dysmenorrhea: pain or discomfort during menstruation. Unknown or known cause (i.e., endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, etc.); prostaglandins, pelvic edema. Treat with NSAIDs.

– PMS: physical and psychological. Symptoms: bloating, pain, moodiness. Treat with exercise, diet, hormones, medication.

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 74-75

Skill: Integrated

 

136) Discuss the arguments for and against male circumcision. Given what you have learned from the text, what is your position?

 

Answer:

– Religious rite for Jewish people

– Canadian Paediatric Society considers it medically unnecessary (as of 2010)

– May lessen risk of STI/HIV

– Child is unable to give consent

Diff: 1

Type: ES

Page Reference: 79

Skill: Conceptual

 

137) Outline how semen is produced by tracing the path of sperm from the epididymus to the urethra and identifying the contributions of each of the seminal glands.

 

Answer:

– epididymus > vas deferens > joins with seminal vesicles under bladder in ejaculatory duct > into prostate> urethra

– seminal vesicles add fluid, prostate adds fluid, Cowper’s glands add pre-ejaculate fluid

Diff: 2

Type: ES

Page Reference: 81-83

Skill: Integrated

 

138) Discuss the functions of the ANS in the sexual arousal/ejaculation process.

 

Answer:

– the parasympathetic: POINT (erection)

– the sympathetic: SHOOT (ejaculate)

Diff: 3

Type: ES

Page Reference: 90

Skill: Conceptual

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