Tutorial 3-Searching the Web-new perspectives on the internet-9th edition-Schneider and Evans

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Tutorial 3: Searching the Web

TRUE/FALSE

1. An exploratory question is an open-ended question that can be harder to phrase than a specific one.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: WEB 134

2. Regarding search engines, the term “search expression” means something different from the term “query.”

3. A spider is a program that automatically searches the Web to find new Web sites.

4. All search engines use the same rules to evaluate search expressions.

5. The specific purpose of a meta tag is to inform Web robots about the content of a Web page.

6. Web pages included in a Web directory are organized into categories before visitors use the directory.

7. A drawback to Web directories is that a Web page can generally only be indexed in one category.

8. The accompanying figure shows the introductory screen of a popular Web directory.

9. A metasearch engine combines the power of multiple search engines. Some metasearch tools also include directories.

10. Dogpile was one of the first metasearch engines on the Web.

11. Web bibliographies are usually less focused on specific subjects than Web directories.

12. In Boolean algebra (named after British mathematician George Boole), all values are reduced to one of two values.

13. Most search engines recognize the Boolean operators AND, OR, and FOR.

14. Precedence operators can clarify the grouping within a complex Boolean expression.

15. Search engines that include the wildcard function most often use “@” as the wildcard character.

16. Many search engines allow you to restrict your search by using search “sifters.”

17. Clustering is an effective tool when a word in a search expression has multiple meanings.

18. Hackers and other developers of malware tend to occupy a space of the Internet known as the “deep Web.”

19. To develop an opinion about the quality of a resource, you can evaluate four elements of any Web page: the Web page’s authorship, ownership, content, and appearance.

20. It is possible for a legitimate not-for-profit company to be using a .com domain rather than .org.

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. A(n) drilled search starts with general questions that lead to other, less general questions. _________________________

2. A Web search engine is a Web site (or part of one) that finds other Web pages that match a word or phrase you enter. _________________________

3. A hyperlink to a Web page that no longer exists or has been moved to another URL is called a(n) ghost link. _________________________

4. Meta tag text does appear on a Web page when a Web browser loads it. _________________________

5. Common words such as and, the, it, and by are called stop words. _________________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: WEB 146

6. The procedure of converting a natural language question into a search expression is called parsing. _________________________

7. A metasearch engine does have its own database of Web information. _________________________

8. You can find Web bibliographies on specific subjects by entering a search term along with the words “link site” into a search engine. _________________________

9. Boolean operators are also known as tertiary operators. _________________________

10. The NEAR operator is an example of a common location operator. _________________________

11. A search filter eliminates Web pages from search results. _________________________

12. Some search engines group their search results into globs. _________________________

ANS: F, clusters

13. An HTML file that exists on a Web server computer is known as a(n) dynamic Web page. _________________________

ANS: F, static

14. The first step in evaluating a Web research resource is to determine who authored the page. _________________________

15. Wikipedia relies on contributions from anyone for its entries. _________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A(n) ____ question is a question that you can phrase easily, and one for which you will recognize the answer when you find it.
a. exploratory c. static
b. specific d. dynamic

2. With an exploratory question, it is ____ to determine when you find a good answer.
a. difficult c. impossible
b. easy d. trivial

3. A good example of an exploratory question would be, “____”.
a. Who won the 2008 Tour de France?
b. What is the wavelength of ultraviolet light?
c. Why did the Roman Empire fall?
d. Who is buried in Grant’s tomb?

4. A good example of a specific question would be, “____”.
a. Where should I go on vacation?
b. What is “green” living?
c. How many sonnets did Shakespeare write?
d. Why are the Great Plains so flat?

5. If, while performing a search on a specific question, you find that you’re heading in the wrong direction, the text describes this as encountering a(n) ____.
a. teachable moment c. curveball
b. erratum d. blind alley

6. ____ information is data that is somewhat related to your topic, but does not help answer your exploratory question.
a. Residual c. Specific
b. Tangential d. Useful

Effective Web search strategies for a Specific Question

7. In the accompanying figure, Box 1. represents ____.
a. Revise and narrow the question
b. Formulate and state the question
c. Select an appropriate search tool
d. Run the search query and review the results

8. In the accompanying figure, Box 2. represents ____.
a. Revise and narrow the question
b. Formulate and state the question
c. Select an appropriate search tool
d. Run the search query and review the results

9. In the accompanying figure, Box 5. represents ____.
a. Revise and narrow the question
b. Formulate and state the question
c. Select an appropriate search tool
d. Run the search query and review the results

10. All of the following are Web search tools EXCEPT ____.
a. search engines c. directories
b. Weblogs d. metasearch engines

11. A search engine uses a ____ that you type in to find pages on the Web.
a. search expression c. both a. and b.
b. query d. neither a. nor b.

12. A basic search page includes a ____ box for entering a search expression and a command button to begin the search.
a. text c. scroll
b. question d. hyperlink

13. When performing a basic search with Bing, you first type in your search expression and then click a button to begin the search; when performing a basic search with Google, you ____.
a. do the same thing
b. speak into a microphone to record your question
c. click the name of another Google user who is online so they can share the search
d. none of the above; Google only performs complex searches

14. A search engine searches ____ to find a match for the query.
a. the Web c. Web bibliographies
b. Open Directory d. its own database

15. A ____, or spider, is a search engine program that automatically searches the Web to find new Web sites and update information about old Web sites.
a. runner c. crab
b. bot d. database

16. One of a spider’s most important tasks is to ____ information in a search engine database when a Web site no longer exists.
a. back up c. delete
b. archive d. flag

17. A ____ is a Web page that is indexed by a search engine and contains text matching a specific search expression.
a. ringer c. pulse
b. blind alley d. hit

18. Clicking a ____ takes you to a Web page that no longer exists or has been moved.
a. dead link c. Web foible
b. broken branch d. blind alley

19. A(n) ____ is the right to have a link to your Web site appear on the search results page when a user enters a specific search term.
a. banner ad c. paid placement
b. spoofed page d. underlinkage

20. A(n) ____ is a paid placement that appears in a search engine’s results page at or near the top of the results.
a. banner ad c. sponsored link
b. Web bot d. authorized link

21. Using the same query at different search engines often gives different search results because ____.
a. each search engine may contain different Web pages in its database
b. each search engine may use different rules to evaluate search expressions
c. both a. and b.
d. none of the above; all search engines give the same results

22. A(n) ____ tag is HTML code that a Web page creator places in the page header for the specific purpose of informing Web robots about the content of the page.
a. meta c. head
b. info d. spider

23. Search engines that store a Web page’s full content are called ____ engines.
a. comprehensive c. deep Web
b. full text indexing d. catch-all

24. All of the following are stop words EXCEPT ____.
a. data c. the
b. and d. by

25. Sometimes a search engine will include stop words in its search if you include them as part of a phrase enclosed in ____.
a. asterisks c. quotes
b. Boolean AND statements d. parentheses

26. ____ is a way of grading Web pages by the number of other Web pages that link to them.
a. Page grading c. Cataloging
b. Triage d. Page ranking

27. In general, a Web page that has ____ inbound links is given a higher ranking than a page that has ____ inbound links.
a. insecure, secure c. larger, smaller
b. more, fewer d. fewer, more

28. ____ was the first search engine to use page ranking.
a. Google c. Yahoo!
b. Bing d. Ask

29. Regarding search engines, the term “stemming” means ____.
a. cutting off search results at a certain number
b. expanding the search to other search engines
c. searching for variants of keywords
d. picking, based on an algorithm, the most likely search result and opening its page for the user

30. Although no major search engine has yet been able to make a truly successful natural language query interface, the mathematical software company ____ has a Web site that offers a natural language interface to a database of collected facts.
a. Yahoo! c. Wolfram
b. AltaVista d. Exalead

31. Converting ____ into a search expression is called parsing.
a. HTML code c. machine language
b. natural language d. random letters

32. If a typical search engine robot encounters a Web page with the text “Test Data: Do Not Use,” its response would be to ____.
a. send a query to a human operator to evaluate the page manually
b. understand the message and skip the content
c. include the content, with a warning note to the user
d. simply include the content as is, since it would not recognize the text as a warning

33. A ____ is a listing of hyperlinks to Web pages that is organized into hierarchical categories.
a. Web directory c. mesh network
b. spider d. search engine

34. The main weakness of a Web directory is that ____.
a. it can give irrelevant links since its lists are arranged in random fashion
b. a user must know which category is likely to yield the desired information
c. human error often leads to inaccurate categorization
d. a Web directory’s search function can sometimes take three times as long as that of a standard search engine

35. Yahoo! was created in 1994 as a ____.
a. browser c. Web directory
b. Java applet d. search engine

36. The combination of search engine and Web directory is sometimes called a(n) ____.
a. Web cluster c. hybrid search engine directory
b. information chute d. metasearch resource

37. The Yahoo! Web directory includes ____ main categories.
a. 3 c. 16
b. 8 d. 32

38. The Open Directory Project is different from most other Web directories because ____.
a. the editors volunteer their time to create the directory’s entries
b. the directory is maintained exclusively by sophisticated computer software
c. it acts like a metasearch engine, collecting and organizing data from various other Web directories
d. none of the above

39. Many of the major ____ sites regularly download and store the Open Directory Project’s information in their databases.
a. Web directory c. metasearch engine
b. search engine d. all of the above

40. A ____ is a tool that combines the power of multiple search engines.
a. metasearch engine c. wiki
b. Web robot d. Web bibliography

41. ____ is one of the oldest metasearch engines appearing on the Web.
a. Bing c. Google
b. Firefox d. Dogpile

42. Awesome Library is an example of a(n) ____.
a. Web bibliography c. metasearch engine
b. wiki d. undernet

43. Web bibliographies are also sometimes known as ____.
a. resource lists c. expert lists
b. clearinghouses d. both a. and b.

44. You can find Web bibliographies on specific subjects by entering a search term along with the words “____” into a search engine.
a. deep Web c. index please
b. wiki this d. subject guide

45. Many Web directories include links to subject-specific Web bibliographies within the ____ listings for those subjects.
a. hyperlink c. inbound link
b. category d. search result

46. George Boole developed the branch of mathematics and logic known as Boolean ____.
a. polynomials c. calculus
b. algebra d. geometry

47. Boolean algebra uses ___.
a. numbers c. logical relationships
b. mathematical operators d. statistics

48. According to the text, Boolean operators are also called ____ operators.
a. true-false c. logical
b. algebraic d. binary

49. The three Boolean operators recognized by most search engines are ____.
a. AND, NOT, and OR c. AND, NOT, FOR
b. IF, OR, FOR d. IF, ELSE, CASE

50. In the accompanying figure, the search expressions represent the use of ____.
a. Boolean operators c. logical operators
b. Boolean algebra d. all of the above

51. In the accompanying figure, which search expression returns pages that include any of the three search items?
a. 1. c. 3.
b. 2. d. 4.

52. In the accompanying figure, which search expression returns pages that must include all of the search terms?
a. 1. c. 3.
b. 2. d. 4.

53. In the accompanying figure, which search expression returns pages that include “exports”, but not if the page also includes “France” or “Japan”?
a. 1. c. 3.
b. 2. d. 4.

54. A(n) ____ operator clarifies the grouping within a complex Boolean expression and is usually indicated by the parentheses symbols.
a. precedence c. grouping
b. inclusion d. all of the above

55. Most search engines use ____ to indicate search terms that must be matched exactly as they appear.
a. asterisks c. double quotation marks
b. NOT operators d. single quotation marks

56. A ____ operator lets you search for terms that appear close to each other in the text of a Web page.
a. proximity c. distance
b. range d. both a. and b.

57. The NEAR operator ____.
a. is a proximity operator
b. is an uncommon search engine operator
c. always finds search terms that are within 10 words of each other
d. is being replaced by the CLOSE BY operator

58. A ____ eliminates Web pages from search results.
a. scrubber c. proximity operator
b. search filter d. metasearch

59. The expression “____” would return pages containing both “woman” and “women.”
a. wom*n c. NEAR woman
b. woman* d. PARSE woman

60. Clustering provides a(n) ____ filtering effect.
a. inefficient c. automatic
b. manual d. foolproof

61. A ____ Web page is an HTML file that exists on a Web server computer.
a. static c. deep
b. dynamic d. clustered

62. ____ Web pages are created “on the fly” from databases.
a. Static c. Deep
b. Dynamic d. Clustered

63. The term “deep Web” refers to ____.
a. Department of Defense HTML files
b. illicit file-sharing Web sites
c. intellectual Web sites usually part of the .edu domain
d. information contained in databases used to create dynamic Web pages

64. One team working at the University of ____ has created an experimental Web site that allows visitors to search the deep Web. The home page of this site is called DeepPeep.
a. Kansas c. Nebraska
b. Utah d. California

65. Online versions of ____ are subjected to the same editing and review processes as their printed editions.
a. scientific print journals c. both a. and b.
b. literary print journals d. neither a. nor b.

66. Open Directory Project information can be found in ____ databases.
a. AltaVista c. Google
b. DogPile d. all of the above

67. A major component of all Web pages, which can be used to evaluate the quality of the page, is the Web page’s ____.
a. authorship c. complexity
b. appearance d. both a. and b.

68. A not-for-profit organization will usually — though not necessarily — use the ____ domain.
a. .gov c. .edu
b. .org d. .nfp

69. Loud colors, graphics that serve no purpose, and flashing text are all Web page design elements that tend to indicate that the Web page is ____.
a. infected by a virus c. a low-quality resource
b. part of the deep Web d. created by a child

70. On Wikipedia, contributors may post and edit articles anonymously, in which case the author is only identified by ____.
a. the IP address of their connection to the Internet
b. the city and state where they reside
c. a nickname
d. a biometric signature, like a scanned thumbprint

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

Case 3-1
Lexie’s father is turning 50 in a couple weeks. She wants to mark the day with a very special gift. Her father is a huge baseball fan, so she decides to get him an autographed baseball. But not just any baseball–she wants one autographed by someone from their hometown team that was playing in the majors when her father was born.

71. The first thing Lexie needs to do is find out the names of the baseball players who were on the roster in the year that her father was born. She connects to the Internet, and starts planning her search. The question she wants to answer is ____.
a. specific c. a blind alley
b. exploratory d. none of the above

72. Lexie finds a search engine she wishes to use. She begins typing in her query. She wants to find a Web site that will list (1) major league baseball players in (2) her hometown team that were playing in (3) the year her father was born. She will most likely need to use her search engine’s variant of the ____ Boolean operator to meet all of these requirements.
a. NOT c. AND
b. FOR d. OR

73. The first search engine that Lexie uses produces no useful results. Lexie knows of other search engines. But she then thinks that using a(n) ____ might help her cover her bases by checking multiple search engines at once.
a. Web directory c. clearinghouse
b. metasearch engine d. clumping search engine

74. Lexie has found a Web site listing the baseball players she was looking for. But she wants to make sure that the information is accurate. Which of the following is NOT a way to help evaluate this?
a. evaluating the Web page’s authorship c. evaluating the Web page’s appearance
b. evaluating the Web page’s content d. evaluating the Web page’s meta tags

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: WEB 170 TOP: Critical Thinking

75. At last, Lexie is satisfied with her list. She now still needs to buy a baseball. After doing more Web searches, she has narrowed the list to four favorite players. She now must search the Web to find (1) a collectibles store that carries (2) a stock of vintage autographed baseballs and has (3) one of the four names on her list. She will most likely need to use her search engine’s variant of the ____ and ____ Boolean operators to meet all of these requirements.
a. AND, OR c. OR, NOT
b. AND, NOT d. AND, NEAR

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

Case 3-2
Esteban is studying the various ways of searching for information on the Internet. He has asked you to come over and help quiz him, and you’ve agreed.

76. You tell Esteban that he needs to use the Internet to find the data of the first moon landing by U.S. astronauts. Since this is a very simple, specific question to ask, you tell him that he should use the most basic Web search tool available to find a Web site with the answer. You ask him what that is, and he replies, ____.
a. Web directory c. search engine
b. clearinghouse d. hybrid search engine

77. You next ask Esteban why a typical search engine cannot usually find information in the “deep Web.” He replies that ____.
a. the deep Web is considered classified security intelligence and is illegal to search
b. the deep Web consists of static Web pages
c. the deep Web consists of information stored in the databases that some Web sites use to generate their dynamic pages
d. none of the above; there is no deep Web

78. Next, you show Esteban a copy of your favorite book, Paint and Parachutes. The cover is torn, and you’d like to buy another one. You ask him to search for the book on the Web, but the search results have been unhelpful. They only provide links to Web sites describing paint, or parachuting, not the book. You ask Esteban for the most likely reason this happened. Esteban tells you that ____.
a. there probably is no such book
b. the search engine probably saw “and” as a stop word and only searched on “paint” and “parachutes” separately
c. there were too many letters in the query
d. none of the above

79. Now you and Esteban go to the Wikipedia Web site to learn more about the story behind Paint and Parachutes. The page gives a good deal of information, and seems to make sense. You ask Esteban how he feels about what he’s read. He says, ____.
a. Wikipedia is a good start, but it would probably be best to get confirmation elsewhere before believing it completely
b. Wikipedia is part of the deep Web and should never be trusted for anything
c. Wikipedia’s encyclopedia entries are constantly monitored by a paid panel of experts, and its information is guaranteed accurate
d. it was very lucky that Wikipedia had information on Paint and Parachutes since it’s more of a science-based Web library

80. Finally, you ask Esteban what wildcard character is used by most search engines. He replies, the ____.
a. comma c. dollar sign
b. plus sign d. asterisk

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: WEB 162 TOP: Critical Thinking

COMPLETION

1. ____________________ information is data that is somewhat related to your topic but does not help answer your exploratory question.

2. Web search tools include four broad categories of sites: search engines, ____________________, metasearch engines, and resources such as Web bibliographies.

3. Search engine ____________________ are Web pages that list hyperlinks to Web pages containing text that matches your search expression.

ANS: results pages

PTS: 1 REF: WEB 141

4. When a search engine receives a Web page submission, it sends out a(n) ____________________ to visit the submitted URL and collect data about the site.

5. A(n) ____________________ ad appears in a box on a Web page, usually at the top but sometimes along the side or the bottom of the page.

6. ____________________ tags exist solely for the use of search engine robots.

ANS: Meta

PTS: 1 REF: WEB 145

7. Page ____________________ is a way of grading Web pages by the number of other Web pages that link to them.

8. A Web ____________________ is a listing of hyperlinks to Web pages that is organized into hierarchical categories.

9. A(n) ____________________ engine combines the power of multiple search engines.

ANS: metasearch

PTS: 1 REF: WEB 154

10. Web ____________________ are also called resource lists, subject guides, clearinghouses, and virtual libraries.

11. In most practical applications of Boolean algebra, all values are reduced to one of two values: ____________________ and ____________________.

ANS:
true, false
false, true

PTS: 1 REF: WEB 160

12. Three basic Boolean operators—AND, OR, and ____________________—are recognized by most search engines.

13. A(n) ____________________ operator in a complex Boolean expression is usually indicated by the parentheses symbols.

14. The most common location operator offered in Web search engines is the ____________________ operator.

15. A(n) ____________________ character allows you to omit part of a search term.

16. The search ____________________ criteria can include such Web page attributes as language, date, domain, host, or page component (URL, hyperlink, image tag, or title tag).

17. A static Web page is an HTML file that exists on a(n) ____________________, and can be found and examined by search engine robots.

18. The ____________________ Web consists of information contained in databases rather than static Web pages.

19. In addition to identifying the author’s identity and qualifications, author information should include details about the author’s ____________________—either as an employee, owner, or consultant—with organizations that might have an interest in the research results.

20. ____________________ is a Web site that hosts a community-edited set of online encyclopedias in more than a dozen different languages.

MATCHING

Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition.
a. query g. dynamic
b. search filter h. hit
c. stem i. authorship
d. Web bibliographies j. Web directory
e. stop words k. spider
f. Boolean algebra l. NEAR

1. can be found by entering “subject guide” along with a search term

2. a program that automatically searches the Web to find new Web sites

3. eliminates Web pages from search results

4. often omitted by search engines

5. example of a location operator

6. a Web page indexed in a search engine’s database containing text matching a query

7. reduces all values to one of two values

8. a word or phrase entered into a search engine

9. a listing of hyperlinks to Web pages that is organized into hierarchical categories

10. to search for variants of keywords

11. like Web pages seen at Amazon.com

12. one of four major evaluative components of a Web page

ESSAY

1. What is the difference between a specific question and an exploratory question?

ANS:
A specific question is a question that you can phrase easily and one for which you will recognize the answer when you find it. In other words, you will know when to end your search. The search process for a specific question is one of narrowing the field down to the answer you seek. In contrast, an exploratory question is an open-ended question that can be harder to phrase; it also is difficult to determine when you find a good answer. The search process for an exploratory question requires you to fan out in a number of directions to find relevant information.

PTS: 1 REF: WEB 134 TOP: Critical Thinking

2. Name and define the four broad categories of Web search tools.

ANS:

Directory/Web directory – a listing of hyperlinks to Web pages that is organized into hierarchical categories

Metasearch engine – a tool that combines the power of multiple search engines, and sometimes directories

Web bibliography – a listing of hyperlinks to Web pages similar to print bibliographies, usually more focused on specific subjects than Web directories, and usually not including a tool for searching within their categories

PTS: 1 REF: WEB 139|WEB 148|WEB 154|WEB 155
TOP: Critical Thinking

3. Name and briefly describe the four major components of any Web page that you can use to evaluate the quality of the page.

ANS:

Ownership – who owns the site, look at About page, what is the domain identifier (such as .gov), is the site owned by a profit or a not-for-profit organization

Content – timeliness, relevance, comparison with similar sites for depth of treatment, self-awareness/acknowledgment of bias

Form/appearance – prevalence of spelling/grammatical errors, quality of layout and editing, appropriate use of colors, graphics, visual aids

PTS: 1 REF: WEB 171-WEB 173 TOP: Critical Thinking