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Chapter 7 Page Layouts

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Chapter 7 Page Layouts

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Chapter 7: Page Layouts

TRUE/FALSE

1. In a standard HTML document, the default position of elements is generally top to bottom and left to right.

 

2. In the normal flow for block-level elements, boxes are laid out horizontally once after the other, beginning at the left of the containing block.

 

3. When you start to use floats to build page layouts, the behavior of floats can cause problems.

 

4. Divisions cannot be nested within divisions.

 

5. A typical Web page design can contain both floating and nonfloating elements.

 

6. Floating elements must always have a specified width or they will expand to the size of the browser window.

 

7. Floats are designed to stay inside of their containing element.

 

8. If you have multiple columns, at least one needs to be nonfloating and positioned with margin properties.

 

9. Using floating elements limits the variety of options you can use for page layouts.

 

10. When you are floating an element within another element, the order of the elements is important.

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. In the past, Web designers used ____ to create multiple column layouts and gain more control of their page designs.
a. blocks c. grids
b. tables d. CSS

 

2. Modern Web designs are built using the ____ layout capabilities.
a. block c. grid
b. table d. CSS

 

3. You can use ____ to position content elements on a Web page and move them out of the normal flow of elements.
a. clears c. tables
b. floats d. blocks

 

4. The space between boxes in the normal flow is determined by the ____ settings.
a. margin c. body
b. padding d. wrapper

 

5. The ____ element is the containing element for the content section of the Web page.
a. c.
b. d.

 

6. The elements within the ____ element are displayed exactly in the order they appearing the code from top to bottom, unless they are floated or have a display type of inline.
a. c.
b.

d. 

7. The ____ element is the primary tool for creating sections of content in a Web page design.
a. division c. span
b. section d. paragraph

 

8. Using the ____ properties, you can create divisions that are any shape you need to contain and segregate sections of content.
a. box c. float
b. special d. clear

 

9. The ____ property lets you build columnar layouts by floating content elements to either the right or left side of the browser window.
a. column c. clear
b. float d. paragraph

 

10. Page elements can be separated from each other with ____ settings to provide gutters between columns.
a. margin c. clear
b. float d. overflow

 

11. The original concept of floating was to allow ____.
a. elements to fall below each other
b. a footer to span across three columns
c. text to wrap around images
d. a three column layout

 

12. When you start to build floating layouts, you will often see that the ____ elements extend beyond their containing elements, which will result in a “broken” layout.
a. floating c. column
b. cleared d. paragraph

 

13. In a three-column layout, if you use a nonfloating footer element, with the clear property set to ____, the containing wrapper will extend to contain all elements.
a. left c. right
b. both d. none

 

14. Because some type of footer is a consistent design feature in most Web sites, in a three column layout using the ____ property on the footer works very well.
a. layout c. padding
b. clear d. margin

 

15. In float-based layouts, the ____ property can help you solve the problem of floats not appearing where you want them to appear.
a. wrapper c. overflow
b. clear d. padding

 

16. ____ layouts are sometimes known as liquid layouts.
a. Fixed c. Flexible
b. Pixel d. Inch

 

17. ____ layouts shift as the user resizes the window, wrapping text or adding white space as necessary.
a. Fixed c. Flexible
b. Pixel d. Inch

 

18. You normally want to avoid using ____ on elements that contain varying lengths of content.
a. width c. max-width
b. height d. clear

 

19. With a simple layout, ____ Web sites resize gracefully, but with more complex content and page designs, you want to restrict your design with the min-width and max-width properties.
a. fixed c. flexible
b. pixel d. inch

 

20. You can control the compression and expansion of your content in a ____ layout by setting minimum and maximum widths for your content.
a. fixed c. grid
b. pixel d. flexible

 

21. Many designers prefer ____ layouts because they have more control over the finished design.
a. fixed c. flexible
b. em d. percentage

 

22. In a(n) ____ layout, designers can build more complex layouts because they can be fairly sure of consistent results.
a. fixed c. flexible
b. em d. percentage

 

23. Fixed layouts are normally contained by a ____ element that controls the page width and centers the page in the browser window.
a. clear c. floating
b. wrapper d. static

 

24. ____ measurements are favored by many designers when creating fixed designs.
a. Percentage c. Em
b. Ex d. Pixel

 

25. Automatic centering is a simple use of the ____ property.
a. centering c. padding
b. floating d. margin

 

COMPLETION

1. The ____________________ of elements determines the sequence of element display in standard HTML.

ANS: normal flow

PTS: 1 REF: 294

2. When you ____________________, or position an element, you take it out of the normal flow.

ANS: float

PTS: 1 REF: 295

3. You can create a division element to contain an entire Web page, often called a(n) ___________________.

ANS: wrapper

PTS: 1 REF: 297

4. Building ____________________ layouts requires that you choose a method for containing the floating elements.

ANS: floating

PTS: 1 REF: 299

5. The original concept of ___________________ was to allow text to wrap around images.

ANS: floating

PTS: 1 REF: 299

6. ____________________ occur when the total width of the columnar elements in a page layout exceeds the width of their containing element.

ANS: Column drops

PTS: 1 REF: 305

7. The ____________________ of a box element includes the total of its width value plus any left or right padding, border, and margins.

ANS: width

PTS: 1 REF: 305

8. _____________________ adapt to the size of the browser window.

ANS: Flexible layouts

PTS: 1 REF: 307

9. ____________________ remain constant despite the resizing of the browser in different screen resolutions and monitor sizes.

ANS: Fixed layout

PTS: 1 REF: 316

10. Another benefit of using a wrapper division to contain your layout is the ability to automatically ____________________ the layout horizontally in the browser.

ANS: center

PTS: 1 REF: 318

ESSAY

1. Describe the normal flow of elements and how floating elements affect it.

ANS:
By default, the browser normally displays elements on the page one after the other, depending on whether the elements are block-level or inline elements. Some elements float to the left or right of other elements on the page. Element position can be affected by margin or padding properties, but generally the browser lays out element boxes from top to bottom and left to right until all elements that make up the Web page have been displayed.

In the normal flow for block-level elements, boxes are laid out vertically one after the other, beginning at the top of the containing block. Each box horizontally fills the browser window. The space between boxes is determined by the margin settings. The normal flow determines the sequence of element display in standard HTML.

When you float, or position an element, you take it out of the normal flow. Other elements that are not floated or positioned will still follow the normal flow, so you should check the results frequently as you are designing you layout using floats.

PTS: 1 REF: 294-295

2. Explain how you can use the division element to create content containers.

ANS:
The division element is your primary tool for creating sections of content in your Web page designs. Using the box properties, you can create divisions that are any shape you need to contain and segregate sections of content. You can create vertical columns containing content and control the white space between and within columns. You can nest divisions within divisions and create interesting content presentations. Finally, you can create a division element to contain an entire Web page, often called a wrapper, to center a Web page within the browser window, regardless of screen resolution.

PTS: 1 REF: 296-297

3. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of flexible layouts.

ANS:
Flexible layouts offer the advantage of adapting to the user’s browser size. From a design viewpoint, this can be less desirable because of the wide range of monitor sizes and resolutions. With a flexible layout, your content has to adapt and look food at wide rang of layout sizes, which can be difficult to achieve. With a simple layout, flexible Web sites resize gracefully, but with more complex content and page designs, you may want to restrict your design with the min-width and max-width properties.

PTS: 1 REF: 308

4. Describe some of the advantages of a fixed page layout.

ANS:
Fixed layouts remain constant despite the resizing of the browser in different screen resolutions and monitor sizes. Many designers prefer fixed layouts because they have more control over the finished design. They can also build more complex layouts because they can be fairly sure of consistent results. Fixed layouts are normally contained by a wrapper element that controls the page width and centers the page in a browser window. Within the wrapper, you can choose whether to contain only fixed-size elements, percentage elements, or a combination of the two. Because the outside width of the page is fixed, the design is more precise, and content can flow down the page as necessary. Pixel measurements are favored by many designers when created fixed designs.

PTS: 1 REF: 316

5. Describe how you would center a fixed layout Web design.

ANS:
Another benefit of using a wrapper division to contain your layout is the ability to automatically center the layout horizontally in the browser. This is a great solution for wide-screen monitors, as your layout will always be centered regardless of the screen resolution. Automatic centering is a simple use of the margin property. In the following style rule for the wrapper division, the margin-left and margin-right properties are set to auto, telling the browser to automatically proportion the extra space in the browser window, resulting in a centered layout.

#wrapper {
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}

PTS: 1 REF: 318

john

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