Module 10 Databases Computer Concepts for End Users test bank

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1. A(n) _________ database is used to collect, modify, and maintain data on a daily basis.
a. non-relational
b. operational
c. relational
d. analytical

2. A(n) _________ database is used to collect data that will be used for spotting trends that offer insights for tactical and strategic business decisions.
a. relational
b. operational
c. analytical
d. non-relational

3. One of the ways that databases are classified is by their structure.
a. True
b. False

4. In its broadest definition, a(n) ____________ is a collection of information.
ANSWER: database

5. Access to databases is usually open to anyone within an organization or business.
a. True
b. False

6. Which of the following is not one of the main activities associated with operational databases?
a. Collecting, storing, and viewing data
b. Updating and finding data
c. Organizing and distributing data
d. Providing an executive dashboard for decision makers

7. Rather than deleting old data, it can be moved to a data __________.
ANSWER: archive

8. It is not possible to extract analytical data from operational databases.
a. True
b. False

9. Decision makers can access analytical databases using an executive __________.
ANSWER: dashboard

10. Data _________ refers to computer algorithms that analyze information to discover previously unknown and useful information, including relationships and patterns.
a. support
b. OLAP
c. mining
d. modeling

11. __________ is a data analysis technique used by decision makers to quickly get answers to complex queries that encompass multiple factors, such as locations, revenue, time periods, and employee status.
a. SQL
b. OLAP
c. NoSQL
d. TPS

12. __________ refers to a branch of data mining that analyzes current and historical data to predict future trends.
a. Predictive analytics
b. OLAP
c. Data warehouse
d. TPS

13. A filing cabinet full of folders and papers would be classified as a structured file because every document has a unique structure.
a. True
b. False

14. A(n) ___________ file uses a uniform format to store data for each person or thing in the file.
ANSWER: structured

15. The underlying structure of a database is referred to as a database _________.
ANSWER: model

16. A(n) __________ file consists of a single, two-dimensional table of data elements.
ANSWER: flat

17. In a database, a(n) __________ contains the smallest unit of meaningful information.
a. record
b. field
c. table
d. model

18. In a database, a(n) ____________ refers to a collection of data fields.
ANSWER: record

19. In a database, the template for a record is referred to as a record ______.
ANSWER: type

20. A record that contains data is referred to as a record ________.
a. occurrence
b. type
c. template
d. file

21. The relationship between record types can be depicted graphically with a(n) _________.
a. data archive
b. executive dashboard
c. OLAP
d. ERD

22. _________ refers to the number of associations that can exist between two record types.
ANSWER: Cardinality

23. A hierarchical database allows one-to-many relationships but not one-to-one relationships.
a. True
b. False

24. In a(n) _________ database, a table is a sequence of records, similar to a flat file.
ANSWER: relational

25. In a relational database, relationships are specified by joining common data stored in records from different tables.
a. True
b. False

26. A key element of __________ databases is their ability to support OLAP queries that make it possible to combine data, drill down to specifics, or slice and dice the data to view it from different perspectives.
ANSWER: multidimensional

27. Modern database tools support ________________, which entails separating data from the programs that manipulate data.
a. predictive analytics
b. cardinality
c. data independence
d. data dependence

28. Data independence is a term that refers to data and program modules being so tightly interrelated that they become difficult to modify.
a. True
b. False

29. Which database tool is best for simple flat files that involve calculations?
a. Database software
b. Spreadsheet software
c. Word processing software
d. DBMS

30. Enterprise database applications tend to have some flexibility for customization.
a. True
b. False

31. Dedicated enterprise database applications may allow cosmetic changes, but they do not encourage modifications of core data structures.
a. True
b. False

32. A(n) _________ sort uses one field to arrange records. A(n) _________ sort arranges information by more than one field.
a. single-level, multi-level
b. multi-level, single-level
c. structured, unstructured
d. SQL, NoSQL

33. Most spreadsheet software also includes basic data management features.
a. True
b. False

34. Spreadsheet software offers database capabilities for establishing relationships between different record types.
a. True
b. False

35. The acronym ____________ refers to software that manages data stored in a database.
a. ERP
b. SQL
c. OLAP
d. DBMS

36. FileMaker Pro and Microsoft Access are DBMSs.
a. True
b. False

37. Four DBMS vendors are the first stop for professional developers: IBM, _________, SAS, and SAP.
ANSWER: Oracle

38. A DBMS feature known as __________ ensures that transactions are updated in an orderly manner by establishing update rules.
a. serializability
b. optimization
c. prioritization
d. normalization

39. Which of the following is not considered to be type of database client?
a. Local software
b. Browsers
c. Apps
d. All of the above

40. __________ is/are the most commonly used database clients.
a. Local software
b. Apps
c. Browsers
d. None of the above

41. In the context of database security, user ______ management allows access to data on an as-needed basis.
ANSWER: rights

42. In the context of database security, database ______ identifies sensitive data and database vulnerabilities in order to secure them.
ANSWER: assessment

43. In the context of database security, intermediary servers allow users to directly access the database.
a. True
b. False

44. There are three core elements in a relational database: fields, ________, and relationships.
ANSWER: tables

45. The term database ___________ refers to the arrangement of fields, tables, and relationships in a database.
ANSWER: structure

46. A computed ___________ is a calculation that a DBMS performs, similar to the way a spreadsheet computes a formula.
a. table
b. field
c. record
d. relationship

47. An efficiently designed database uses computed fields whenever possible because they do not require manual data entry.
a. True
b. False

48. A _______________ is a field that contains data unique to a record.
a. query
b. parameter
c. primary key
d. key value

49. A primary key is a(n) ____________ that contains data unique to a record.
ANSWER: field

50. In a case-sensitive database, uppercase letters are equivalent to their lowercase counterparts.
a. True
b. False

51. A ____________ is a template that adds the correct formatting as data is entered. If someone attempts to enter data in the wrong format, the database can be set up to reject that entry or correct it.
a. field format
b. primary key
c. database structure
d. parameter

52. A _____________ is a specification that the database designer sets up to filter data entered into a particular field.
a. database structure
b. computed field
c. field format
d. field validation rule

53. A lookup routine validates an entry by checking data in an in-house or third-party database.
a. True
b. False

54. From a technical perspective, a data __________ specifies the way data is represented on physical storage media and in RAM.
ANSWER: type

55. From a database user perspective, a data type determines the way data can be manipulated.
a. True
b. False

56. Which of the following would not be considered a database data type?
a. Real
b. SELECT
c. BLOB
d. Memo

57. Which database data type is used for fields that contain whole numbers, such as quantities, repetitions, and rankings?
a. Logical
b. Real
c. Integer
d. Memo

58. Which database data type is a collection of binary data stored in a single field of a database?
a. Memo
b. Integer
c. BLOB
d. Logical

59. A process called ____________ helps database designers create a database structure that minimizes storage space and increases processing efficiency.
ANSWER: normalization

60. The goal of normalization is to minimize data redundancy.
a. True
b. False

61. The goal of ______________ is to minimize data redundancy.
ANSWER: normalization

62. A __________ is the column of data in a database that is used as the basis for arranging data.
a. primary key
b. sort key
c. data type
d. key value

63. A database table’s physical sort order is the order in which records are arranged on storage devices.
a. True
b. False

64. A database ____________ contains a list of keys, and each key provides a pointer to the record that contains the rest of the fields related to that key.
ANSWER: index

65. Unlike a sort order, an index has no bearing on the physical sequence of records on a storage device.
a. True
b. False

66. A ________________ is a software tool for specifying the content and format for a database report.
a. report generator
b. data output app
c. sort key
d. column template

67. A report ____________ contains the outline or general specifications for a report.
ANSWER: template

68. Computer programming languages designed for databases are called _________ languages because one of their main capabilities is to request data from a database.
ANSWER: query

69. SQL works behind the scenes as an intermediary between the database client software provided to users and the database itself.
a. True
b. False

70. SQL statements contain command words but do not contain data.
a. True
b. False

71. Exploits that use malicious SQL statements to gain unauthorized access to a database are called SQL _____________.
ANSWER: injection

72. The SQL query language provides a collection of special command words called SQL ______________.
ANSWER: keywords

73. Which of the following is not an SQL keyword?
a. DELETE
b. REMOVE
c. CREATE
d. SELECT

74. SQL keywords must be entered in all uppercase letters because they are case-sensitive.
a. True
b. False

75. Which SQL keyword is used to search for records?
a. FIND

b. SEARCH
c. SELECT
d. UPDATE

76. The SQL command word _________ removes a record from a table.
ANSWER: DELETE

77. SQL ____________ are detailed specifications for a command.
ANSWER: parameters

78. One of the most common database operations is to query for a particular record or group of records by using the ________ command.
ANSWER: SELECT

79. Modifications to the contents of a database field are made by using the SQL _________ command.
ANSWER: UPDATE

80. In SQL terminology, creating a relationship between tables is referred to as _______ tables.
ANSWER: joining

81. The SQL ________ command allows you to temporarily join and simultaneously access the data in more than one table.
a. MERGE

b. JOIN

c. SELECT

d. UPDATE

82. When joining two tables using SQL, the convention is to use ______ notation for field names.
ANSWER: dot

83. The term __________ refers to huge collections of data that are difficult to process, analyze, and manage using conventional database tools.
ANSWER: big data

84. An example of _________ data is the 1 million transactions generated by Walmart sales registers every hour.
ANSWER: big

85. An emerging computing platform that is likely to drive innovation and disruption through the next decade called __________ has massive scale, not only in cloud-based hardware technology, but also in the vast amount of data that will be generated, consumed, and analyzed.
a. the 3rd platform
b. NoSQL
c. SQL
d. BLOB

86. 1024 Zettabytes = 1 _______.
ANSWER: Yottabyte

87. Ten terabytes offer enough storage capacity to hold the printed collection of the Library of Congress.
a. True
b. False

88. The entire Internet contains about a petabyte of data.
a. True
b. False

89. _________-density data refers to large volumes of very detailed data in which many of the details are not important.
ANSWER: Low

90. The term __________ is used to refer to a group of technologies for managing databases that do not adhere to the relational model and standard SQL query language.
ANSWER: NoSQL

91. SQL is banned from the NoSQL technology collection.
a. True
b. False

92. A(n) __________ solution for data storage adds resources to a single device, while a(n) __________ solution adds more devices to a system.
a. SQL, NoSQL
b. structured, unstructured
c. scale out, scale up
d. scale up, scale out

93. The process of dividing a database into distributed subsets is called ________.
ANSWER: sharding

94. ____________ scaling (or autoscaling) ensures acceptable database throughput by scaling out as necessary to handle peak loads.
ANSWER: Dynamic

95. Dynamic scaling for database servers can be a challenge because the additional sharding has to be handled on the fly by the DBMS.
a. True
b. False

96. Relational databases store unstructured data.
a. True
b. False

97. Relational databases are organized according to a(n) _________, which is simply the blueprint for its structure.
ANSWER: schema

98. The simplest structure for storing data in a(n) _________ database is the key-value data model.
ANSWER: NoSQL

99. In a key-value database, each data item has a key that is a unique identifier similar to a relational database key.
a. True
b. False

100. __________ is a file system developed in 2005 that handles millions of files distributed across multiple server nodes.
ANSWER: Hadoop

101. In a(n) __________ database, data for a query is fetched from one or more shards of a distributed database, and then it is processed by the DBMS to produce the query result.
ANSWER: relational

102. In a(n) __________ database, processing logic for the query is performed on the device that holds each database shard and if necessary, results are consolidated by the DBMS.
a. SQL
b. NoSQL
c. relational
d. OLAP